This course focuses on bridging theory with practical application in branch operations, specifically in cash handling functions. Participants will del...

This course focuses on equipping participants with the knowledge and skills necessary to recognize and combat fraud in branch operations. Participants...

This course provides participants with a comprehensive understanding of white-collar crimes and fraud prevention within branch operations. By examinin...

This course delves into the intricacies of cash flow projection, offering participants a solid foundation in analyzing and projecting cash flows. Thro...

This course provides an in-depth analysis of fundamental economic principles, delineating the distinctions between macroeconomics, microeconomics, and...

This course delves into the critical aspect of industry analysis within the credit assessment process, highlighting its significance in understanding...

This course delves into the critical role of management in SMEs, emphasizing the importance of organizational structure, quality of management, and co...

This course provides a detailed examination of deal structuring in lending, emphasizing the steps involved in identifying lending rationales and facto...

The Sales Skills and Relationship Management course provides a thorough examination of key sales strategies and customer relationship management princ...

The Cash Flow Statement Analysis course provides a comprehensive understanding of cash flow statements, covering their purpose, components, and analys...

The Financial Projection and Modeling course equip participants with the knowledge and skills needed to create accurate financial projections for info...

The Post Disbursement Management in Banking course delves into the procedures and controls implemented by financial institutions following loan disbur...

The Legal Aspects in Banking Operations course provides a comprehensive overview of banking laws and regulations, covering topics such as credit decis...

The Restructure Debt (Problem Loan Management) course equips participants with the knowledge and skills to identify early warning signals, recognize p...

"Risk Management" offers vital instruction in identifying, assessing, and controlling diverse risks, with a focus on banking. Participants delve into...

GTB Account Services (Level 2A)" offers advanced training in managing online business platforms and integrating financial systems within Global Transa...

"GTB Account Services (Level 2B)" offers specialized training on Current Account and Savings Account (CASA) management, as well as operating accounts...

This course explores FinTech fundamentals and the rapid transformation of finance driven by emerging technologies and regulatory changes, with a focus...

This workshop will delve into the dynamic world of mobile banking and payments, essential in the current digital transformation era where technology i...

في هذا البرنامج التدريبي، سيتم تعريف المشاركين بمفهوم التمويل متناهي الصغر وأهمية هذا النوع من التمويل في دعم المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة و سيتناول ال...

تهدف ورشة العمل هذه إلى توفير تقييم مهني لإدارة مخاطر السوق والخزانة وتطبيق السياسات الرئيسية.

This workshop Depends on market risk management and treasury controls, covering regulatory requirements and internal perspectives.

This workshop will be focusing on creditworthiness assessment, crucial for risk management in financial decision-making.

This workshop focuses on key aspects of corporate treasury, including strategic frameworks, relationship management, negotiation skills, reporting bes...

This workshop comprehensively explains payment instruments, working capital metrics, cash flow forecasting, financial risk management, and more.

تهدف ورشة العمل هذه إلى إطلاع المشاركين على المستجدات الدولية وفى ضوء المتطلبات الواردة في المعيار المصري رقم (47) الأدوات المالية.

This comprehensive program delves into the pivotal role oftreasury management within an organization, exploring itssignificance in financial strategy,...

The program is designed to elevate your expertise by providing strategicinsights, cutting-edge skills, and innovative approaches to address theevolvin...

This comprehensive program is designed for professionals and leaders seeking a profound understanding of risk management principles and the evolving l...

This comprehensive workshop covers a wide range of topics, including banks and financial institutions, payment instruments and systems, relationship m...

هذة الدورة تم تصميمها لمناقشة الأساس النظري لمحاسبة التكاليف ، والقضايا الأساسية المتعلقة بقياس التكلفة في أنظمة تكلفة الوظائف وأنظمة تكلفة العمليات و...

Microsoft Power BI is a business analytics service that allows you to visualize data and share insights. It transforms data from various sources to cr...

The Real Estate Valuation workshop offers a comprehensive exploration of the DCF method and valuation techniques essential in real estate projects.

This workshop will take the participants through a learning journey where they will be exposed to International Financial Reporting standards updates...

من خلال هذا البرنامج سوف تتعرف علي الجوانب الفنية المختلفة للتمويل ووظائف الإدارة واستكشاف القضايا الهامة والتحديات و الفرص وتقييم وتحسين وضع شركتك من...

This workshop offers a comprehensive understanding of feasibility studies for real estate projects. Participants will explore key topics such as the p...

This workshop covers vital aspects of financial management and analysis. Topics include Financial Planning and Analysis, Budgeting Processes, Cost Con...

This workshop offers accounting and finance professionals in the manufacturing sector a deep dive into International Financial Reporting Standards (IA...

This mini-IFRS workshop is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of International Financial Reporting Standards, with a focus on asset and...

Internal Audit designed to individuals to demonstrate their professionalism in the internal audit field. Candidates leave the program enriched with ed...

تهدف ورشة العمل إلى تعريف المشاركين بمبادئ الضرائب الدولية وتفسير وتطبيق اتفاقيات تجنب الازدواج الضريبي والتركيز على النماذج الدولية والتطورات الحديثة...

This course aims to provide participants with a deep understanding of the principles, laws, and practices of Zakat and taxes in the Kingdom of Saudi A...

ذا البرنامج التعليمي يستهدف فهم أساسيات نظام الضرائب في مصر والمبادئ الأساسية لتطبيقه. يشمل المحتوى تحليل أنواع الدخل المخصوم من الضريبة وطرق حساب الم...

يهدف هذا البرنامج إلي تنمية مهارات العاملين بالقطاع المالى وإدارة المراجعة الداخلية، عند اعداد التسويات الضريبية الشهرية وإعداد الاقرار الضريبى الشهرى...

يهدف هذا البرنامج إلي تأهيل العاملين بالمؤسسة الى التعرف على توقيت تقديم الاقرارات الضريبية الشهرية والسنوية والغرامات المترتبة على عدم تقديم الاقرارا...

يساعد البرنامج السادة المتدربين من العاملين فى إداراتي شئون العاملين والشئون المالية بوحدات الاستحقاقات والأجور والمرتبات على حساب الضريبة على الدخل م...

هذه الورشة التدريبية تقدم فرصة مثالية للمشاركين لفهم الإطار العام لضريبة الدخل من الأجور والمرتبات وضريبة أرباح الأشخاص الاعتبارية. ستركز الورشة على ا...

هذا البرنامج مخصص لتأهيل العاملين في مجال إدارة الماليات والحسابات، والمراجعة الداخلية، بهدف تعريف المشاركين بمعايير المحاسبة المصرية المنصوص عليها في...

هذا البرنامج يسلط الضوء علي استعراض مستجدات معايير المحاسبة المصرية والمخاطر المالية المترتبة على هذه المعايير و ستستمر البرنامج لمدة أربعة أيام، حيث...

في هذا البرنامج يتم شرح أهمية المحترفين المؤهلين في مجال التمويل لضمان نجاح وكفاءة المؤسسات.

This course will guide you through the accounting process, so by the end of this course, you’ll be able to read the three most common financial statem...

This Course explains how Excel Power Query facilitates data extraction, transformation, and report/dashboard creation for participants.

This workshop depends on Gamification concept in business learning.Through the game delegates will be on a top of an industrial company.

This comprehensive Excel workshop provides participants with essential skills and foundational knowledge.

The Financial Statement Analysis Workshop will highlight the concept of the peers and benchmarking analysis to understand the organization's current p...

In the workshop participants will learn and explore Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) & Valuations practical examples and best practice application with qua...

This workshop offers a comprehensive exploration of budgeting and forecasting.

This workshop will delve into modern accounting principles and challenges, covering conceptual frameworks and financial statements.

هذا البرنامج يُعتبر أساسياً لتطوير مهارات إدارة الأصول الثابتة والمحاسبة بأفضل الممارسات التجارية.

Documentary credits provide sellers with a secure method to receive payment for goods from banks, rather than relying solely on buyers. They ensure th...

Financial derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from the value of an underlying asset, such as a stock, commodity, or currency....

Budgeting helps individuals and organizations to plan their expenses, prioritize spending, and ensure that there are sufficient funds to meet financi...

This workshop is designed to equip accounting, finance, strategic planning, and investment professionals with the necessary skills to manage their org...

This comprehensive training program is designed to equip participants with the essential skills and knowledge required for financial modeling and valu...

This course will guide you through the accounting process, so by the end of this course, you’ll be able to read the three most common financial statem...

خلال هذه الورشة، ستتعرف على المعايير المحاسبية المصرية بالكامل، وذلك وفقًا لأحدث الإصدارات. ستكتسب المهارات اللازمة لفهم التقارير المالية والإطار المس...

This course is designed to explore FinTech fundamentals and help make sense of this wave of change as it happens.

This course is designed for businesses to guide them to creating value through ESG bydeveloping a tangible and practical long-term plan.

The course covers essential topics such as data preparation, pivot tables, advanced Excel formulas, and Power BI.

In this workshop You'll explore how digital capabilities and business models impact industries and customers, and how to turn strategy

In this workshop you will learn how data transforms from various sources to create interactive.

This program is designed to provide individuals with foundationalknowledge and skills required for a career as a Finance Business Partner.Participants...

This Workshop In today's dynamic business environment, the role of afinance leader is pivotal in driving organizational success and sustainability.

This Workshop covers the fundamentals of negotiation, distinguishing between transactional and transformational approaches, and outlining characterist...

This workshop explores effective relationship management within financial services providers, focusing on banking relationships.

This course equips learners with foundational financial principles and analysis techniques essential for strategic management, focusing on mastering f...

This course provides procurement professionals with a foundational understanding of finance, teaching them to evaluate procurement options, assess ris...

This workshop is tailored for HR practitioners seeking practical financial skills and insights into using financial statements to assess organizationa...

In this course you will learn and apply Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) & Valuations practical examples and best practice application with quantitative da...

In this interactive workshop you will Learn basic knowledge of Accounting & Finance as would be taught in an introductory course by providing particip...

This workshop offers a thorough introduction to the presenf financial statementstation and analysis

This workshop will provide a framework for each topic covered, and then will make extensive use of exercises and case studies to allow participants to...

This introductory workshop will guide you on cost analysis and forecasting techniques.

في هذا البرنامج يتم شرح النظام الضريبي في مصر، بما في ذلك ضريبة الدخل، التصرفات العقارية، الأطيان الزراعية، والقيمة المضافة.

This introductory workshop on Financial Accounting covering key financial statements and measurement techniques.

This course explores optimal portfolio construction, practical portfolio building, and risk management techniques.

This Workshop explains what is aiming to equip trainees with comprehensive skills, including financial literacy and global perspective.

This workshop aims to provide individuals with essential skills for managing personal finances amidst changing economic landscapes, whether local or g...

This workshop is your gateway to mastering the art of data visualization and creating captivating presentations. Designed to demystify the process, pa...

This workshop is designed to empower managers with the essential skills to assess the financial health of organizations effectively.

Throughout the workshop, attendees will delve into core principles and practical applications of reading, analyzing, and writing financial reports, wh...

This comprehensive Budgeting Planning Method Workshop is designed to enhance participants' budgeting and performance monitoring skills through active...

This comprehensive program focuses on developing skills in management accounting, costing, budgeting, and finance transformation, incorporating best p...

This workshop will take you on a journey into the intricate realm of international trade.

This course provides treasury professionals with an overview of essential concepts related to treasury products, including hedging FX and interest rat...

Financial modeling plays an integral part in business decision-making, with modelers informing key transactions and critical business decisions.

The program aims to enhance participants' efficiency in executing finance officer tasks professionally, addressing the issue of institutions relying o...

The Basel framework serves as the globally accepted rules for the banking industry, providing standards for risk management and regulation. This works...

The Basel framework is the globally accepted set of rules for the international banking industry. This workshop helps participants understand domestic...

Knowledge of Basel principles is essential for all banking sector participants due to their complexity and frequent updates, requiring top management...

Knowledge of Basel principles is crucial for all banking sector employees due to their complexity and frequent updates, making it essential for top ma...

This course covers project finance techniques, advanced modeling, financial statement linking, ratio analysis, loan agreements, and risk mitigation. P...

This Financial Planning, Budgeting, and Projection workshop allows participants to share ideas on planning, control, and budgeting cycles for a more f...

This workshop explains how to calculate the fair value of a company or asset using various valuation methods and strategies. Participants learn about...

This course explains the role of Treasury and ALM functions through real-life case studies and Excel-based simulations, focusing on optimizing balance...

Transfer Pricing in Banking introduces participants to the foundations of Transfer Pricing models and methodologies, making them accessible to non-spe...

The Central Bank of Egypt's strategy emphasizes using financial derivatives to hedge currency positions due to recent volatility. Therefore, bankers,...

This course explores the roles of Treasury and ALM functions, emphasizing balance sheet performance improvement through strategic resource allocation....

This course is designed for business professionals aiming to leverage digital technologies in fields such as e-commerce, cash management, digital tran...

This course provides participants with the analytical tools and techniques necessary to navigate the SME credit approval cycle effectively. By examini...

This course delves into the intricacies of IFRS, emphasizing its application in financial reporting, particularly regarding financial assets, impairme...

The Portfolio Management Fundamentals course offers a comprehensive exploration of investment portfolio principles, focusing on risk analysis, diversi...

This course on Bancassurance Fundamentals provides professionals in the financial services sector with a comprehensive understanding of the convergenc...

he "Wealth Management (Level 2)" course offers advanced strategies for retaining clients and driving business growth in wealth management. Tailored fo...

"Wealth Management (Level 3)" is tailored for experienced wealth managers and financial advisors, covering investment planning, client advisory servi...

"Wealth Management (Level 4)" is an advanced course focusing on estate planning, protection product solutions, retirement planning, and investment str...

"Investments & Funds (Level 1)" is a foundational course offering an introduction to investment principles, risk assessment techniques, and regulatory...

"Investments & Funds (Level 2)" is an intermediate course that delves into advanced investment concepts, including private equity dynamics, valuation...

"GTB Account Services (Level 1A)" provides essential training for entry-level banking professionals on account opening, client request interpretation,...

GTB Account Services (Level 1B)" provides essential training on online business platforms and digital banking within Global Transaction Banking. Tailo...

"GTB Account Services (Level 3)" offers advanced training on liquidity risk valuation, interest rate risk management, financial product pricing, and c...

"GTB Account Services (Level 4)" offers advanced training on portfolio management, liquidity management, asset and liability management, and regulator...

"Treasury and MM (Level 1)" is an introductory course focusing on the fundamentals of treasury operations, money markets, foreign exchange, interest r...

This course delves into the intricacies of documentary credit, offering advanced insights for professionals in global transaction banking. Participant...

This course provides a comprehensive understanding of working capital management strategies, tailored for advanced learners in global transaction bank...

This comprehensive course provides an in-depth understanding of trade finance principles and practices, specifically tailored for advanced learners. P...

This course provides participants with fundamental knowledge about collection models and their significance in banking operations. Participants will l...

This course delves into the intricacies of collections and recovery in banking, focusing on optimizing efficiency and maximizing recovery rates. Parti...

This course delves into advanced collection strategies tailored for corporate entities. Participants will examine various collection models designed t...

This course aims to equip participants with essential knowledge and skills related to business payments. Participants will start by understanding the...

This course provides participants with a deeper understanding of business payment mechanisms, covering both traditional and innovative methods. Partic...

This course focuses on equipping participants with advanced understanding and skills in business payment solutions. Participants will examine various...

This course provides participants with insights into the digital transformation landscape, focusing on its implications for branch operations in the b...

This course is designed to address the evolving landscape of banking, emphasizing the necessity for traditional retail banks to adopt a customer-centr...

This course is designed to equip participants with the necessary understanding of international payments and digital currencies in modern banking oper...

This course focuses on familiarizing participants with Western Union (WU) operations at branch levels. Participants will learn about the nature of WU'...

This course focuses on equipping participants with the necessary understanding and skills to effectively handle account opening procedures in a branch...

The Certified Treasury Professional (CTP®) designation serves as a benchmark of competency in the finance profession and is recognized as the LEADING...

• 2025-05-10 New Cairo
• 2025-05-17 Virtual,English
• 2025-05-17 Virtual / Recorded Sessions
• 2025-05-19 Dubai
• 2025-05-28 New Cairo
• 2025-06-15 Business Valley - Riyadh
• 2025-06-22 Jeddah
• 2025-06-28 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises
• 2025-07-12 Virtual / Recorded Sessions
• 2025-08-16 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

Stand out as a strategic business partner with an understanding of the entire business. FPAC Professionals set themselves apart as financial experts,...

• 2025-05-10 Virtual,Bilingual
• 2025-06-14 Virtual,Bilingual
• 2025-06-14 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises
• 2025-06-16 Dubai
• 2025-06-18 Business Valley - Riyadh
• 2025-06-24 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises
• 2025-07-19 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

Financial modeling plays an integral part in business decision making, with modelers informing key transactions and critical business decisions. This...

• 2025-05-24 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

The ACI Dealing Certificate New Version Exam has been designed to cover the basic competence skills for the new entrants in dealing floors and all oth...

• 2025-05-05 Virtual,English

this diploma is designed to ensure that candidates acquire a superior theoretical and practical knowledge of the foreign exchange and money markets

• 2025-05-31 Virtual,English

No transaction can take place without the back-office. It provides a vital service to the front office by ensuring that all funds flow in a timely and...

• 2025-05-06 Virtual,English

The organization offers the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation, the Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement (CIPM) designation, a...

• 2025-07-26 Virtual,Bilingual
• 2025-07-26 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

The Treasury and ALM training course provides a comprehensive understanding of treasury operations, money markets, foreign exchange, fixed income,...

The CMA ® (Certified Management Accountant) certification is a globally recognized advanced accounting credential offered by IMA® (Institute of Manage...

• 2025-05-31 New Cairo
• 2025-08-02 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

To succeed at any employment level and position, knowledge of basic Financial Principles is critical. 'Finance for Non-Financials' workshop transforms...

Diploma in IFRS by the ACCA (The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) is one of the most respectable and appreciated qualification in IFRS...

• 2025-05-25 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises
• 2025-06-21 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises
• 2025-06-21 Virtual,Bilingual
• 2025-09-13 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

This workshop is for participants who have limited knowledge of the international trade finance business. It provides a strong introduction to the fun...

CFI’s Financial Modeling & Valuation Analyst Certification was created for ambitious financial analysts who want to close the skill gap between formal...

• 2025-06-13 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises
• 2025-07-19 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

This Course will cover the foundations of Transfer pricing in Banking. It will cover all aspects of the Transfer Pricing models and methodology in a w...

For a successful HR professional, developing financial skills and knowledge as well as learning how to speak the language of finance and accounting ar...

This course applies to all bank managers who need to understand the impact of ALM to their strategies and performance.

Financial knowledge is great tool to acquire. It refines your business decision ensure to align with the organization goals. In this course we will ta...

صدر قرار وزيرة الاستثمار والتعاون الدولي رقم 69 لسنة 2019 في 18/3/2019 بتعديل القرار رقم 110 لسنة 2015 بشأن إصدار معايير المحاسبة المصرية. وبموجب القر...

خلال هذا البرنامج التدريبي سنقوم بالتعرف على المشروعات الصغيرة وأهميتها ونشاط التمويل متناهي الصغر.

Over the past decade emerging technologies, paired with massive changes in regulations, have driven an unprecedented transformation of finance around...

يهدف هذا البرنامج الى رفع كفاءة المشاركين فى تنفيذ مهام عمل مسؤول التمويل بشكل احترافي

This Financial Planning, Budgeting, Projection, and Cost Control workshop will allow the participant to explore and share with other participants new...

Companies enter into arrangements with their global counterparts, and an understanding of IFRS has become increasingly important.

The International Certificate in Wealth & Investment Management covers the essentials of financial planning, private client asset management, fund man...

• 2025-05-19 Virtual,Bilingual

The Certified Treasury Professional (CTP®) designation serves as a benchmark of competency in the finance profession and is recognized as the LEADING...

Communication skills are highly recommended in the business world Finance professionals of today analyze data from the past, present, and future to p...

Critical thinking is the ability to think reflectively and independently to make thoughtful decisions. By focusing on root-cause issues Regardless of...

Finance professionals frequently receive instructions that they must cooperate with the company as a "business partner" This course teaches finance p...

Leadership is the ability to create an environment where everyone knows what contribution is expected and feels totally committed to doing a great job...

We frequently negotiate, but the finance department is the one place where it matters the most.

Keeping clients is increasingly harder in today's industries, which are more and more competitive. . In order to grow your banks or corporate portfoli...

In this micro-credential, a team of experts worked on the essentials of treasury management as an integrated introductory course for the CTP certifica...

A DCF model is a type of financial modelling tool used to determine the worth of a company.

This course is designed to prepare learners to interpret and analyze financial statements for tasks such as credit and security analyses, lending and...

• 2025-05-18 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

The Cash Management and GTB condensed program is designed to give an in depth understanding of the persona of the optimal successful Global Transactio...

In today's socially conscious economy, environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) initiatives have become an increasingly important indicat...

In today’s business environment, professionals need practical, working knowledge of corporate finance to make sound business decisions.

This program assumes basic knowledge of Accounting and Finance as it would be taught in an introductory course by providing participants with a deeper...

• 2025-06-15 Degla Plaza, Beacon Premises

In today’s business environment, professionals need practical, working knowledge of corporate finance to make sound business decisions.

Global economy has been adversely impacted by multiple global shocks, as captured by leading indicators in recent months. The recent financial crisis...

In the Credit Risk course participants will re-cap on key issues risk.

Microsoft Power BI is a business analytics service that allows you to visualize data and share insights.

This intensive 3-day program covers all aspects of Financial Risk Management, Corporate Finance, Cash Management, Working Capital, FP&A, Treasury and...

This course designed to equip the participant with the required knowledge and skills to be able to identify all types of fraud

IFRS 9 follows a logical, principles-based approach to the measurement of financial assets based on the structure of the business model and the nature...

The main purpose of cash flow forecasting is to make the most out of available cash in the future. Field professionals use cash flow forecasting to or...

As the only globally recognized internal audit certification, becoming a Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) is the optimum way to communicate knowledg...

This workshop provides an intensive conceptual and applied introduction to internal auditing in society.

By taking the course participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of financial analysis, including time value of money, capital budgeting, bud...

This course teaches participants how to set and execute a cost management strategy that aligns with their organization's goals and capabilities.

This course provides a comprehensive understanding of financial planning and analysis, as well as effective communication skills.

This course is designed to equip learners with the essential skills and knowledge needed to build accurate financial models for any business scenario.

This course focuses on developing the skills necessary to build financial statement projections, perform valuations, and analyze sensitivities/scenari...

The course is designed to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of financial accounting and reporting, ratio analysis, information g...

The Advanced Excel workshop is designed for experienced Excel users who want to develop their Excel skills to the peak of the software’s ability in or...

This course provides a comprehensive understanding of the principles of cash management, including payment systems, disbursements, collections, funds...

This course explores the world of treasury management and is explicitly designed to highlight the role of the treasurer, assistant treasurer, and cash...

This course offers participants the opportunity to develop a comprehensive understanding of financial risks and the strategies used to manage them, in...

Financial risk management is the process of identifying risks, analyzing them, and making investment decisions based on either accepting or mitigating...

Introduction to Corporate Treasury is a course designed to equip participants with a comprehensive understanding of the principles and practices of co...

This course is ideal for professionals who want to learn how to manage their working capital more effectively.

Modern economies rely on cross-border transactions and the free flow of international capital. More than a third of all financial transactions occur a...

Under the current work environment, it became a must for each one to increase his performance, particularly the finance department needs for a new typ...

During this Workshop participants will understand the intermediate and advanced techniques of FSA and best practices. They will analyze the Financial...

This program assumes basic knowledge of Accounting and Finance as it would be taught in an introductory course.

The Cost Accounting Workshop is a very important, comprehensive, and essential program designed to develop the skills of cost and management accountin...

This course is designed to explore FinTech fundamentals and help make sense of this wave of change as it happens

For AFM accreditation holders who want to validate their more sophisticated modeling abilities. They showcase their problem-solving and creativity in...